In a world increasingly concerned about national security and climate change, the appeal of biofuels [this article will focus on liquid biofuels produced as substitutes for gasoline or diesel] has grown apace. Biofuels hold the potential to: (1) serve as a carbon neutral and renewable replacement for the transport fuels now responsible for 20% of CO2 emissions, (2) improve national energy security by reducing the US dependency on imported oil, and (3) create new opportunities to revitalize the agricultural sector.