Extreme temperature [45-60°C] microbial communities such as those thriving in hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are hypothesized to be modern analogues to the most ancient forms of life on earth. Evidence of stromatolites resembling modern mats exists from at least 3.6 billion years ago [Schopf and Packer, 1987]. Petrographic thin sections from stromatolites reveal filamentous bacteria resembling extant phototrophic species such as cyanobacteria and Chloroflexus [Walter, 1983]. Micropaleontologists consequently hypothesize that ancient bacteria were also phototrophic [Walter, 1983]. Current research of thermal mat systems, therefore, inquires to discover and identify new filamentous mat-forming bacteria that may be relatives of the most ancient forms of life on earth.