A trench is a narrow channel that is deeper than it is wide. A trench can be up to 15 feet wide. An excavation is any hole or trench that is made by removing earth.
This NIOSH Safety and Health Topic web page on trenching and excavation provides statistics and publications on this common construction hazard.
This NIOSH Workplace Solutions website describes ways to prevent injuries and accidents when working with excavators and backhoes.
This OSHA website contains links for trenching and excavation safety. This includes hazard recognition, evaluation, control and compliance. The link to OSHA's Excavation standard is provided.
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